ABSTRACT
Purpose: This chapter aims to study the issue of technological inequality in the modern world economy from the position of assessment of the scale of global conflict and the scenario of its development depending on conflict management. Design/methodology/approach: The performed review of literature sources has shown that they provide an insufficient scientific basis for determining the level of technological inequality in the modern world economy from the position of assessment of the scale of the global conflict and scenarios of its development depending on conflict management. To fill this gap in the system of scientific knowledge, we use the method of comparative and correlation analysis of statistical data. The research objects are China and the United States, as well as other countries of the world that have the highest level of technological development, trade, and digitalization. Findings: This chapter provides a review of factors that determine scientific arguments in favour of technological inequality of countries, which leads to a global conflict. Many forms of inequality have a socio-economic character and are connected to access to the main services (healthcare, education, or accommodation), as well as incomes and access to the sources of income, especially in the sphere of employment. The deficit of decent work and inequality turned the COVID-19 pandemic from the crisis of public healthcare into the crisis of employment and social conflict, which influenced the subsistence of millions of employees. There is a real risk that without comprehensive and well-coordinated political actions, the increase in inequality and reduction of general progress in the labour sphere will be preserved in many dimensions. There's a need for the measures of international policy to provide develop-ing countries with access to vaccines and financial support, including through restructuring of debts. Originality/value: It is proved that after the creation of the UN, the nature of conflicts and violence underwent serious changes. Conflicts take fewer human lives but last longer, and the frequency of conflicts between groups within a country is higher than the frequency of international conflicts. In certain parts of the world, crimes on a gender basis are increasing in numbers. Besides, technologies allow using robots, drones, cyberattacks, viruses, and hackers for mili-tary purposes. At the same time, international cooperation is weak, similar to the global ability to prevent and regulate conflicts and all possible forms of violence. Technological progress changes the character of the development of conflicts. Achievements in the sphere of AI and machine learning will play an important role in this process of transformation, so the character of threats from the government and non-government subjects will change. The use of AI raises the precision of cyberattacks and physical and biological attacks, making the identification of attackers very difficult. © 2022 by Anastasia A. Sozinova, Natalia G. Vovchenko, Elena D. Kostoglodova and Stanislav A. Khapilin.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to scientifically test the credibility (proof or refutation) of the existing argument for a technological leap in the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic period. Design/Methodology/Approach: The conducted review of existing sources of research literature showed that they have formed an insufficient scientific background for a clear understanding of digital deprivation of services, social contradictions and conflict management as components of technological leap amid the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period. To fill the identified gap in the system of scientific knowledge, this work uses the method of comparative analysis of statistical data. Some countries of the world, the EU countries and the United States, which are characterized by the largest population and the largest contribution of investments to the digitalization of value chains and the development of innovations, were selected as objects for this study. Findings: Research has shown that rapid digitalization is impacting all aspects of life, including not only how value is created and exchanged, but also how we interact, operate, purchase and receive services. In this process, data and its international flows are becoming increasingly important for development. The usual digital gap associated with connectivity, reflecting significant differences between and within countries in readiness to use the power of data, is exacerbated by what might be termed the data gap. Countries with limited opportunities to transform digital data into digital analytics and entrepreneur-ial opportunities, and to use them for economic and social development, are obviously at a disadvantage. Originality/Value: Digital data have been proven to be one of the top stra-tegic assets for creating both private and public value. Our ability to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015) depends a lot on how these data are applied. The idea of sustainable development arose, as it is known, for overcoming significant fluctuations in the positive transformation of society, and for the alignment in the pace and results of the transition of various countries to the post-industrial scenario of progress. There are many obstacles on the path of sustainable development, which hinder the transition to this vector of transformation. First, the gap in economic and social development between the countries of the ‘golden billion' and many other countries has not been reduced. Second, the digital gap continues to deepen. But a new and extremely threatening danger on the path to the transition to sustainable development has become the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in early 2020 and is still ongoing. Determining the right course for the future is a difficult task, but its solution cannot be postponed. Data are multidimensional, and their use has an impact not only on trade and economic development but also on human rights, peace and security. In addition, measures should be taken to reduce the risk of misuse and unauthorized use of digital data by states, non-states or the private sectors to avoid the possibility of global social conflict. © 2022 by Anastasia A. Sozinova, Elena N. Makarenko, Elena Y. Zolochevskaya and Evgeny N. Tishchenko.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to study and reconsider the order of implementing temporary government regulation of commodity prices in the EAEU from the positions of quality and to develop recommendations for improving this order for the comprehensive fight against poverty and support for the middle class amid economic crises. This paper is based on the scientific provisions of the systems approach. The authors perform economic and mathematical modelling of the influence of implementing temporary government regulation of commodity prices on their quality in the EAEU based on the method of regression analysis. For the qualitative research of the practical experience of implementing temporary government regulation of commodity prices in the EAEU amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the method of case study is used. The scientific novelty of this paper consists in the fact that it is for the first time that the order of implementing temporary government regulation of commodity prices in the EAEU is treated from the positions of quality. The originality of this paper consists in the systemic view at the quality of life and the well-balanced consideration - during the determination of its level - of not only the inflation factor (price affordability of commodities) but also the factor of quality of commodities (level of satisfying population’s needs during consumption of goods) © 2022. International Journal for Quality Research.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
Unexpected shock hit the world economy in February 2020 when the spread of the COVID-19 virus began worldwide. In this regard, the technology of Industry 4.0 can be an important tool for economic recovery by allowing for sustainable product change. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the global readiness of Industry 4.0 to guide policies in defining the benefits of promoting Industry 4.0 and to unlock its potential in the event of an pandemic (Javaid et al., 2020).In this context, the paper aims to understand the readiness and responsiveness of the various regions in terms of Industry 4.0 before the pandemic and to identify best practices to support companies acquired by Industry 4.0, with a focus on those that promote sustainable practices. The framework for pre-pandemic testing is provided based on two components: the readiness of the firms to invest in Industry 4.0 and the excellent scenario. The study shows a group of regions that are more cautious than the inequality group, especially those related to diversity in the North and South. Considering how “vigilant regions” are likely to successfully manage and overcome the post-COVID-19 problem, it provides an overview of how various regions have sought to promote the adoption of digital technology to improve resilience after a shock. Analysis shows that funding mechanisms are targeted at small and medium enterprises. In addition, tenders promoting the acquisition of Industry 4.0 indicate that collaboration between stakeholders will be critical © 2022. International Journal for Quality Research.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the perspectives of the development of reconstructive agriculture, which advantages are the reconstruction of lands (an increase of soil fertility) and reverse change (reconstruction) of climate, which, in their totality, stimulates the growth of efficiency in agriculture. Reconstructive agriculture is considered from a new perspective—from a position of ecological crisis management and prevention of epidemics (by the example of the COVID-19 pandemic). For this, the authors determine countries practising reconstructive agriculture and find the specific features of the preservation of biodiversity and the process of the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries. The information and empirical basis of the research are the materials of the dataset “COVID-19 and the 2020 crisis: capabilities of health care and consequences for economy and business around the world” (https://iscvolga.ru/dataset-crisis-2020 ) and materials of the dataset “Big data for digital monitoring of biodiversity, agriculture and food security – 2020” (https://iscvolga.ru/dataset-bioobrazovanie ). The authors consider perspective technologies and successful projects in the sphere of reconstructive agriculture and analyse their contribution to ecological crisis management and the fight against COVID-19. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis and scientific analytics of cluster formation as a factor in sustainable economic development and to identify prospects for managing this factor in order to maintain sustainability. The authors have carried out a statistical analysis of depending indicators of cluster development in the country and existing manifestations of sustainable development. Global Competitiveness Index 4.0, Economic growth rate, GDP per capita, Sustainable Development Index were chosen as manifestations of sustainable development. The methodological apparatus of the research is based on methods of economic statistics (econometrics): the method of correlation analysis, the method of regression analysis, and the analysis of variance. The authors also use such methods of scientific research as classification, problem, and comparative analysis, synthesis, method of analysis of cause-and-effect relationships, hypothetical-deductive method. The article proves that there are two forms of manifestation of sustainable development, which are influenced by the cluster development - Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 and Sustainable Development Index. The results of developing clusters in countries are an increase in the country’s rating in terms of key manifestations of sustainable development. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The new institutional theory is a modern trend within the framework of the neoclassical school of economic theory, which arose on the basis of old institutionalism. The article examines one of the four assumptions of the new institutional theory: the efficiency of factor markets. In this assumption, the emphasis is placed on the financial capital market, although in the conditions of building a new economy or «knowledge economy», human capital is the most important factor of production and information capital is also important factor in the context of the growth of the digital economy. A new paradigm of socio-economic development, formed in the context of the disruption of world economic relations in the rapidly developing viral economic cycle, which is caused by the global pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-2019;as well as the growth of the digital economy is having a contradictory impact on the modern global economy. On the one hand, the digital economy removes barriers to the international exchange of goods, forms the potential for optimizing the economic activities of economic systems and opens up opportunities for entering world markets and conducting transnational business. On the other hand, the viral economic cycle has led to some de-globalization of the economy and its de-integration, which limits the sources of growth and development of the world economy, and also creates opportunities for the dominance of some participants in world economic relations over others, which leads to an increase in imbalances in the development of economic systems and inhibits the rate of development of the world economy. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of the research is to test the hypothesis and scientific analytics of the pandemic COVID-19 as a new factor in the sustainable development of the economy in 2020, as well as to identify the prospects for managing this factor in the interests of maintaining sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach: Statistics on the manifestations of sustainable development, the pandemic of COVID-19 and its factors in the top 12 countries with the largest number of deaths were analyzed. The method of regression analysis, firstly, determines the dependence of the manifestations of sustainable development highlighted in chapter 2 of this book on the proportion of deaths in COVID-19 by constructing regression curves. Secondly, a multifactorial model of the regression dependence of the proportion of deaths at COVID-19 from the selected potential factors - health care costs, the number of doctors per 1 thousand people was compiled population, number of hospital beds per 1 thousand people population, and R&D expenditure. Findings: It is justified that the pandemic is an independent (isolated from the economic crisis) as a new factor in the sustainable development of the economy in 2020, impeding economic growth. A scientific analysis conducted on the example of the top 12 countries with the largest number of deaths from COVID-19 revealed significant prospects for managing the pandemic as a factor in sustainable development. Originality/Value: Recommendations have been proposed to achieve zero mortality from COVID-19, suggesting an increase in health care costs by 159.20%, the number of doctors by 1 thousand people of population by 59.70%, and R&D expenditures by 9.38% for sustainable economic development. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.